supreme national interests

highest;

superior;

( верховный) supreme

1) interest

2) мн. (потребности) interests

1) интерес, заинтересованность; обыкн. pl практическая заинтересованность, выгода, польза; важность, значение

- clash of interests

- confrontation of interests

- conflict of interests

- identity of interests

- balance of interests

- spheres of interest

- another fact of interest

- provoke interest

- defend one's interests

- conflict with interests

- enhance one's interest

- mask one's interests

- meet the interests of smb.

- neglect one's interests

- go against smb.'s interests

- jeopardize the supreme interests of the country

- forward one's political interests

- represent smb.'s interests

- realize one's interests

- have a vested interest in smth.

- serve the interests of the great majority

- forgo one's economic interests

- the interests of the two countries came into conflict

2) процент, проценты, процентный доход

- with interest

- cum interest

- ex interest

- without interest

- rate of interest

- national rate of interest

- natural rate of interest

- nominal rate of interest

- short-term rate of interest

- reduction of interest

- rebate of interest

- yielding interest

•

- state interests

- current interest

- protect the basic national interests

- interest profit

- short-term interests

- opposing interests

- private interests

- national interests

- cardinal interests

- annual interest

- accrued interest

- basic interests

- declare some territory a zone of vital interests

- protection of the national interests

- strategic interests

- conflicting interests

- harmonize conflicting interests

- contending interests

- class interests

- security interests

- low interest

- primordial interests

- loan interest

- debenture interest

- nominal interest

- net interest

- global interests

- be in keeping with the national interests

- concurring interests

- conventional interest

- long-term interests

- nationwide interests

- most important common interests

- common interests

- vital interests

- mutual interests

- added interest

- public interest

- high interest

SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications

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Following early education at Phillips Academy, Andover, at the age of 14 years Morse went to Yale College, where he developed interests in painting and electricity. Upon graduating in 1810 he became a clerk to a Washington publisher and a pupil of Washington Allston, a well-known American painter. The following year he travelled to Europe and entered the London studio of another American artist, Benjamin West, successfully exhibiting at the Royal Academy as well as winning a prize and medal for his sculpture. Returning to Boston and finding little success as a "historical-style" painter, he built up a thriving portrait business, moving in 1818 to Charleston, South Carolina, where three years later he established the (now defunct) South Carolina Academy of Fine Arts. In 1825 he was back in New York, but following the death of his wife and both of his parents that year, he embarked on an extended tour of European art galleries. In 1832, on the boat back to America, he met Charles T.Jackson, who told him of the discovery of the electromagnet and fired his interest in telegraphy to the extent that Morse immediately began to make suggestions for electrical communications and, apparently, devised a form of printing telegraph. Although he returned to his painting and in 1835 was appointed the first Professor of the Literature of Art and Design at the University of New York City, he began to spend more and more time experimenting in telegraphy. In 1836 he invented a relay as a means of extending the cable distance over which telegraph signals could be sent. At this time he became acquainted with Alfred Vail, and the following year, when the US government published the requirements for a national telegraph service, they set out to produce a workable system, with finance provided by Vail's father (who, usefully, owned an ironworks). A patent was filed on 6 October 1837 and a successful demonstration using the so-called Morse code was given on 6 January 1838; the work was, in fact, almost certainly largely that of Vail. As a result of the demonstration a Bill was put forward to Congress for $30,000 for an experimental line between Washington and Baltimore. This was eventually passed and the line was completed, and on 24 May 1844 the first message, "What hath God wrought", was sent between the two cities. In the meantime Morse also worked on the insulation of submarine cables by means of pitch tar and indiarubber.

With success achieved, Morse offered his invention to the Government for $100,000, but this was declined, so the invention remained in private hands. To exploit it, Morse founded the Magnetic Telephone Company in 1845, amalgamating the following year with the telegraph company of a Henry O'Reilly to form Western Union. Having failed to obtain patents in Europe, he now found himself in litigation with others in the USA, but eventually, in 1854, the US Supreme Court decided in his favour and he soon became very wealthy. In 1857 a proposal was made for a telegraph service across the whole of the USA; this was completed in just over four months in 1861. Four years later work began on a link to Europe via Canada, Alaska, the Aleutian Islands and Russia, but it was abandoned with the completion of the transatlantic cable, a venture in which he also had some involvement. Showered with honours, Morse became a generous philanthropist in his later years. By 1883 the company he had created was worth $80 million and had a virtual monopoly in the USA.

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